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Giorgio de Chirico was born in 1888 in Volos (Greece). At a very young age he followed a drawing course at the Polytechnic School of Athens, then, from 1906 to 1908, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. Starting from 1910, Nietzsche's readings pushed him to produce his first self-portraits and metaphysical landscapes. From 1911 to 1915, he settled and worked in Paris, exhibiting at several annual salons. During the war, de Chirico was admitted to the military hospital in Ferrara; he meets Carlo Carrà and Filippo De Pisis there. At the end of the war de Chirico went to Rome and participated in the “Valori plastici” exhibitions. The first solo exhibition dates back to 1919. Surrealist artists are very sensitive to his "metaphysical painting" which prefigures that of their movement. De Chirico creates a work in which an atmosphere of nostalgic mystery emerges. In the 1920s, the artist used a more classic workmanship and techniques taken from the ancient masters (glazing, tempera, etc.). Between 1924 and 1929 the artist lived in Paris again. In 1926 he joined the twentieth century movement in clear opposition to modernism; De Chirico was criticized for this choice and many of his artistic relationships turned their backs on him. De Chirico will explore the theme of the double in the paintings in which he is staged alongside his mother, brother or mirrors. He also paints characters from Greek mythology, portraits, horses, he composes still lifes which he defines as "silent lives". De Chirico takes pleasure in confusing the cards of his art, creating around himself the enigma that will distinguish him. He is criticized for imitating himself. Giorgio de Chirico illustrated various works (Apollinaire, Cocteau, Eluard, etc.), conceived decorations and costumes for the work, wrote (novel and short prose). Artists such as Ernst, Yves Tanguy, Dali or Magritte underlined the influence he was able to exert on them. Giorgio de Chirico died in 1978 in Rome.
